Every claim on this site carries an implicit confidence level. Where we have primary documents, we say so. Where we're working from unit histories and reasonable inference, we say that too.

Battle entries are compiled from multiple standard references including the official histories of the British, Canadian, Australian, and German armies, supplemented by modern scholarship. Casualty figures represent all sides combined and are approximate — primary sources frequently disagree. Where ranges exist, we use the median of credible estimates.

Front line positions are simplified approximations plotted from trench maps and operational histories. They represent the general trace of the line, not precise tactical positions.

Monthly casualty data combines Western Front, Eastern Front, and other theater estimates. These are order-of-magnitude indicators, not precise counts — total war dead accounting remains contested by historians.

Harold Percival Rule's service is documented through his CEF attestation papers and service file (LAC, RG 150, s/n 863021). His enlistment, unit assignment, wounding, and repatriation are confirmed by primary records.

Reginald Rule's service with the Hampshire Regiment and death at Ypres is sourced from British Army medal index cards and CWGC records. Exact engagement details are inferred from battalion war diaries.

Leslie, Cecil, Martin, and James Rule's timelines are reconstructed from a combination of family records, attestation papers (where available), unit histories, and oral history. Specific battle participation is cross-referenced against known unit movements. James Rule's wartime service and post-war disappearance remain unconfirmed — he is marked as inferred throughout.